Information Regarding Avian Influenza (H5N1)

Also known as, A(H5N1), HPAI, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, or bird flu

Health, Safety, and Risk Management (HSRM) is monitoring the evolving situation of the multistate outbreak of avian influenza in dairy cows and poultry.

CDC recommends protective measures for workers who are exposed to infected or potentially infected animals, animal bodily fluids, waste, bedding or housing areas. Susceptible animals and animal products of concern:

  • Cows (or other ruminants) 
  • Milking cows (or other ruminants) or handling raw milk
  • Poultry or wild birds
  • Barn/feral cats
  • Other susceptible mammals as identified
  • Other animal bodily fluids, waste or bedding from above listed animals


HSRM has contacted leadership in areas where employees may have occupational exposure to animals and animal products listed above.

Employees with potential occupational exposure to dairy cattle, raw milk, and/or birds (wildlife and/or poultry), must enroll into the Respiratory Protection Program. This applies to employees that work directly with dairy cattle or birds per their IACUC protocols, or that enter the animal housing areas to complete maintenance tasks, or that handle raw milk products. 

This is a precautionary measure. Although respiratory protection is not required unless there is a confirmed case of H5N1, completing the requirements will ensure each employee is ready to safely wear a respirator, should the use become mandatory. If mandatory use is put into effect in your area your immediate supervisor will inform you.

Employees may choose to wear a respirator voluntarily at any time prior to completing the Respiratory Protection Program requirements if they wish. Voluntary users must complete Voluntary Use Respiratory Protection Training (UHS516 in Training Hub) and review the information from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) standard 1910.134 App D.  

Updated: 07/01/2024

Employee Respiratory Protection Program Enrollment

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Twin Cities

Email notifications were sent on July 1st.

An individual in the Twin Cities that believes they should be enrolled should first confirm with their supervisor or program coordinator. Once confirmed, they should complete the Respiratory Protection Requirement Survey listed on the Respiratory Protection Program website.

Morris, Crookston, or Duluth

Email notifications were sent on June 20th.

An individual on these campuses that believes they should be enrolled should first confirm with their supervisor or program coordinator. Once confirmed, they should complete the Respiratory Protection Requirement Survey listed on the Respiratory Protection Program website.

Respirator Selection Guidance

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Respirator Selection Guidance

All employees being fit tested for HPAI should be fit with N95 respirators without valves. Listed below are two examples:

However, employees working in dairy barns or outdoor settings should also be fit-tested for a second N95 respirator with an exhalation valve. The purpose of the exhalation valve option is to provide some additional comfort to the employee in occupational environments where it is hot and/or humid and heat-related illnesses are a concern. Listed below are two examples:

Unpaid Student Respiratory Protection

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Unpaid Student Respiratory Protection

HSRM is not fit testing unpaid students at this time because they are not considered essential for an outbreak response. Further questions can be directed to [email protected].

H5N1 Symptom Self- Monitoring

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H5N1 Symptom Self- Monitoring

This information is for UMN employees and students who come into contact with dairy cattle, raw milk, and/or birds (wildlife and poultry). 

Per the CDC, Self-observation of potential signs of illness are important to monitor even if you are using PPE and following biosafety instructions. This practice will facilitate timely treatment if necessary. 

Symptoms can include*:

  • Fever (Temperature of 100°F [37.8°C] or greater) or feeling feverish/chills
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Difficulty breathing/shortness of breath
  • Eye tearing, redness, or irritation (conjunctivitis)
  • Headaches
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Diarrhea

*Note that these signs and symptoms are non-specific and overlap with those caused by other respiratory viruses, including seasonal influenza A and B viruses. Evaluation of symptoms by a physician will determine if further testing, isolation, and/or treatment is warranted.

Observe your health daily for signs of symptoms listed above and if you start having symptoms, seek care.

Seeking Care for Symptoms

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Seeking Care for Symptoms

IMPORTANT: Inform the clinic that you have flu-like symptoms and have been in contact with animals or animal products that are potentially or known to be infected with H5N1.

Paid Employees and Students:

View the Clinical Services website for further information by location. 

Visit the Occupational Health Injury, Illness, and Exposures website for information about first-aid and reporting requirements.

Students (unpaid):

Contact your personal clinic or Boynton Health.

Flu Vaccine Recommendation

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Flu Vaccine Recommendation

Flu Vaccine Recommendation

Although the University of Minnesota does not require a flu vaccination for workers with occupational exposure to birds and cattle, we strongly recommend that employees complete the vaccination.

Per the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionit is important that people who may have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals get a seasonal flu vaccine, ideally 2 weeks before their potential exposure. This is because it can reduce the prevalence and severity of seasonal flu and might reduce the very rare risk of coinfection with a human seasonal virus and an avian virus at the same time, and the theoretical risk that reassortment between the two could result in a new virus. Such dual infections, while very rare, could theoretically result in genetic reassortment of the two different influenza A viruses and lead to a new influenza A virus that has a different combination of genes, and which could pose a significant public health concern.

Besides visiting your own provider, the following are options to complete a vaccination:

  1. Use this CDC tool to find a local pharmacy in your area. 
  2. Make an appointment with one of the Occupational Health clinics listed on our Clinical Services website.

If you complete a vaccination and are sent an invoice, please reach out to the Biosafety and Occupational Health Department by email: [email protected]